N'ọhịa nke n'ibu ọrụ, nawheel akabụ isi interface n'etiti ndị mmadụ na igwe. Ma ọ bụ nri dị mma n'oge nhazi akụrụngwa ma ọ bụ nnyefe ike n'oge mmeghe na mmechi valvụ, wheel wheel na-agbanwe ike mmadụ ka ọ bụrụ usoro ahịrị kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ ntụgharị ntụgharị site n'ichepụta usoro aghụghọ. Nke a yiri mfe okirikiri akụkụ n'ezie nwere multiple n'ibu ụkpụrụ dị ka gia nnyefe, lever ụkpụrụ, esemokwu arụzigharị, wdg Isiokwu a ga-nyochaa otú handwheel nwere ike nweta "kpọmkwem akara nke akwụkwọ ntuziaka ọrụ" si akụkụ nke structural mejupụtara, nnyefe usoro, n'ibu e ji mara, ngwa ndapụta, wdg, jikọtara ya na ulo oru ikpe na imewe nkọwa, na-enye ụkpụrụ na ngwá ọrụ engine{{4}.
Tebulu ọdịnaya
1. Ntọala ntọala nke wheel wheel: imekọ ihe ọnụ site na rim ruo aro
2. Ụkpụrụ nnyefe: ntụgharị mmegharị site na ntụgharị gaa na mmegharị ahịrị
3. Mechanical Njirimara: mgbakọ na mwepụ nlereanya nke arụ ọrụ ike na torque
4. Ụkpụrụ dị iche na ọnọdụ ngwa ngwa
5. Isi ihe nke imewe na mmepụta ihe: njikwa usoro zuru oke site na ihe na nkenke
6. Usoro mmepụta ihe: nkwalite nkà na ụzụ nwere ọgụgụ isi na nke mmadụ
1. Ntọala ntọala nke wheel wheel: imekọ ihe ọnụ site na rim ruo aro
1. Rim: "mbụ kọntaktị elu" nke esemokwu
Rim bụ isi ihe na-arụ ọrụ nke wheel wheel, na imewe ya na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke ịbawanye esemokwu:
Udidi elu: knurling nkịtị (ederede kwụ ọtọ / net), isi ihe convex, grooves. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, igwe ihe eji arụ ọrụ igwe na-anabata udidi net miri emi nke 0.8mm, ọnụọgụ esemokwu na-abawanye site na 0.3 ruo 0.6, na ọnụego mwepu na-ebelata site na 40% mgbe ejiri aka mmiri rụọ ọrụ;
Nhọrọ dayameta: dayameta nke wheel wheel n'ozuzu na-abụkarị 100-300mm, pere mpe (<80mm) will increase the operating force, too large (>400mm) ga-eweghara oghere. Nnukwu dayameta nke valvụ handwheel na-achọ ndị ọrụ ka ha gbadaa iji rụọ ọrụ, na-ebelata arụmọrụ site na 25%.
2. Na-ekwu okwu / na-ekwu okwu: nguzozi n'etiti ike na ìhè
Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke spokes na-abụkarị 3-6, na-agbaso ụkpụrụ nke nkwado igwe:
Ọnụ okwu triangular: 3 spokes na-etolite usoro kwụsiri ike, dabara adaba maka ihe ngosi ibu ọkụ (dị ka igwe aka mgbazi ngwaọrụ);
Oval okwu: 6 kwuru okwu na-achụsa nchekasị. Ngwá ọrụ igwe dị arọ na-eji ihe eji eme ihe 6 na-ekwu okwu, na-abawanye torque site na 50N・m ruo 120N・m, na nrụrụ na-ebelata site na 30%.
3. Hub na oghere oghere: " interface siri ike" maka nnyefe torque
Ebe ahụ na-ejikọta rim wheel na oghere oghere, igodo ahụ dabere na njikwa coaxial:
Nhazi igodo ụzọ: wiilị ụkwụ nkịtị na-eji njikọ igodo dị larịị (GB/T 1096), na ike a na-ebunye erughị ma ọ bụ ha nhata na 50N・m;
Njikọ aka aka mgbakasị: elu-ụkwụ aka nkenke na-eji aka uwe erughị ala (ISO 286-1), na njehie coaxial erughị 0.05mm. Ọmụmaatụ, nke ziri ezi grinder handwheel na-eji a erughị ala iji nweta a ndepụta ziri ezi nke 0.001mm.
4. Aka / ijide: isi nke ergonomics
Aka ahụ na-ekpebi ntụsara ahụ nke ọrụ ma mee ya dabere na curvature eke nke nkwụ:
Ihe eji cylindrical: dayameta 30 -40mm, ogologo 80-120mm, dabara maka ntụgharị ogologo oge;
D-ụdị njikwa: igwe aka ngwaọrụ ahụike na-eji ụdị aka D{1}, mpaghara nkwụ na-abawanye site na 20%, na ike ọgwụgwụ ọrụ na-ebelata site na 35%.
2. Ụkpụrụ nnyefe: Ntugharị nke mmegharị site na ntụgharị gaa na mmegharị ahịrị
1. Gear -wheel aka a na-ebugharị: Ngụkọ nke modul na ọnụọgụ ezé
Ụkwụ aka ahụ na-ebugharị pinion iji kwọọ akwa ma ọ bụ nnukwu ngwa iji nweta ntụgharị mmegharị:
Modul (m): na-ekpebi ọkwa gia. Mgbe m{1}, pitch bụ 6.28mm. Modul nke igwe na-egwe ọka handwheel bụ 3, ọ na-ejikọta ya na ngwa nha nha 60, yana ọnụego nri nke 180mm kwa ntụgharị;
Oke nnyefe (i): i=Z2/Z1 (Z bụ ọnụọgụ ezé). Mgbe m=10, wheel wheel na-atụgharị ugboro 10 na ogwe mmepụta na-atụgharị ugboro 1, na-enweta mbelata na mmụba ike.
2. Worm gear handwheel: mmezu nke ọrụ mkpochi onwe-
Iji worm na-anya wheel worm, ọ nwere njirimara mkpọchi nke onwe-:
Ọnụọgụ nke isi irighiri: otu -head worm nwere oke mgbasa ozi buru ibu (i=40-80), mana arụmọrụ dị ala (<50%);
Worm gear material: tin bronze (ZCuSn10Pb1) nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe, belata irighiri iyi, ụfọdụ ihe na-eme ngwa ngwa elevator handwheel na-eji worm gear iji hụ na akpọchichi akpaka ka ahapụchara akwụkwọ ntuziaka n'oge mwepu ọkụ.
3. Screw nut handwheel: helix angle na-ekpebi ịrụ ọrụ
Ụkwụ aka ahụ na-atụgharị iji kwọọ skru, na akị na-aga n'usoro n'ahịrị:
Akụkụ Helix (λ): onwe- na-akpọchi mgbe λ<4°, suitable for jack handwheel; efficiency>90% mgbe ogo λ=15, dabara maka igwe ihe na-eri nri handwheel;
Ndu (P): P=pitch × ọnụ ọgụgụ isi, ụfọdụ lathe handwheel nwere ụzọ nke 5mm, na-enye nri 5mm n'otu n'otu, wee nweta izi ezi nke 0.01mm/grid jiri ọkpụkpọ.
4. mgbagha nnyefe handwheel: mgbochi - slip imewe nke elu udidi
A na-ebufe mmegharị ahụ site na esemokwu dị n'etiti rim na elu kọntaktị, bụ nke a na-emekarị na ngbanwe:
Ọnụọgụ esemokwu (μ): rọba - rim μ=0.8 nwere mkpuchi, dabara adaba nke ọma-ntuzigharị, dị ka microscope na-elekwasị anya wheel wheel, 1 ogo ntụgharị ntụgharị 0.002mm;
Ndozi ebugo bu ụzọ: gbanwee nrụgide site na isi iyi ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ, na ebugo ngwa ngwa ule aka wheel nwere ike ịhazigharị na ọnọdụ dị iche iche ibu.
3.Mechanical Njirimara: mgbakọ na mwepụ nlereanya nke ike na-arụ ọrụ na torque
1. Usoro mgbako Torque: T=F × r
Radius (r): Ka radius nke wheel wheel na-ebuwanye ibu, ka obere ike ọrụ achọrọ (F). Ọmụmaatụ: maka 200mm dayameta handwheel (r=100mm), mgbe a chọrọ 50N・m mpụta ike, F=50N・m/0.1m{{6}N;
Oke igwe mmadụ-: A na-atụ aro ike na-arụ ọrụ nke nwoke toro eto ka ọ dịkarịa ala ma ọ bụ ha nhata na 300N. Ọ bụrụ na ọ gafere, ekwesịrị ịgbakwunye usoro inyeaka. Ọmụmaatụ, aka wheel valvụ dị arọ{4}} nwere ihe na-ebuwanye ngwa ngwa gia, yana ike na-arụ ọrụ na-ebelata site na 800N ruo 200N.
2. njikarịcha lever: Ọrụ bụ isi nke ọnọdụ njikwa
Ebe dị anya (lever) nke aka dịpụrụ adịpụ na etiti wheel na-emetụta ihe ike:
Eccentric aka: Aka nke crane handwheel bụ 50mm eccentric, na torque na-abawanye site 15% n'okpuru otu ike ọrụ;
Aka Symmetric: Ihe eji aka abụọ na-eme ka ike dị ike, dị ka aka symmetrical nke steering ụgbọ mmiri, ka ịzenarị ike na-enweghị isi nke ike otu akụkụ kpatara.
3. Mbelata esemokwu na nkwalite arụmọrụ
Nhọrọ nke ibu na-ekpebi arụmọrụ nnyefe:
Ihe eji amị amị: ọnụọgụ esemokwu 0.1-0.2, dabara maka ụkwụ aka na-agba obere ọsọ (<50rpm);
Ntugharị na-ebugharị: ọnụ ọgụgụ esemokwu 0.001-0.005, wiil aka na-agba ọsọ na-eji blọlụ dị omimi, a na-abawanye arụmọrụ ya site na 85% ruo 98%, na-ebelata oriri ume kwa afọ site na 20%.
4. Mbelata ibu na ike nhazi
Nhọrọ ihe ga-enwerịrị ike ịrụ ọrụ kacha:
Cast iron handwheel: tensile strength ≥200MPa, suitable for heavy loads (>100N・m);
Aluminom alloy handwheel: ike dị ntakịrị ala (150MPa), mana 50% dị ọkụ, masịrị maka ụfọdụ akụrụngwa mbugharị.
4. Ụkpụrụ dị iche iche nke ahụkarị ngwa ndapụta
1. Wheelwheel ngwá ọrụ igwe: njikwa ziri ezi nke micron{1}} ndepụta ọkwa
Ụkpụrụ ọkpụkpọ: ọkpụkpọ aka aka na-ekewa ụzọ mkpọsa, dị ka ụzọ 5mm, ọkpụkpọ 100 grid, na grid ọ bụla bụ 0.05mm;
Ihe mgbochi-Usoro azụ azụ: A na-eji ụzọ mmiri{1} eburula ụzọ wepụ azụ azụ azụ. Mgbe igwe aka nke otu ụlọ ọrụ igwe kpochapụrụ azụ azụ, a na-ebelata njehie azụ site na 0.02mm ruo 0.005mm.
2. Valve handwheel: Ọrụ - na-echekwa imewe maka nnukwu mpụta torque
Multi- mbelata gia ogbo: handwheel → obere gia → nnukwu gia → valvụ stem, oke nnyefe nwere ike iru 50:1, na mbelata aka valvụ DN300 site na 1200N ruo 40N site na mbelata ọkwa atọ;
Nzaghachi ọnọdụ: Ntụnye na ọkpụkpọ agbakwunyere na-egosipụta oghere valvụ iji zere imebi akara n'ihi nkwụchi-.
3. Medical akụrụngwa handwheel: obere esemokwu chọrọ na akpali mmasị gburugburu ebe obibi
Ceramic bearings: esemokwu esemokwu 0.0005, na nguzogide corrosion, dị ka CT akwa mgbakwasa aka na-eji seramiiki bearings, iji hụ na ọtụtụ nde ntụgharị na-enweghị nsogbu;
Ngwọta dị larịị: chrome siri ike electroplating (roughness Ra Ihe na-erughị ma ọ bụ nhata 0.2μm), dị mfe ihichapụ na kpochapụ mmanya na-aba n'anya, n'ikwekọ n'ụkpụrụ akụrụngwa ọgwụ ISO 13485.
4. Aerospace handwheel: arụmọrụ ntụkwasị obi na ịdị arọ
Nhazi torque nhata: etiti ike ndọda nke wheel wheel dakọtara na isi axis iji zere ngbanwe agbanyụ-axis n'oge enweghị ibu. Ihe ngbanwe àgwà satịlaịtị na-enweta nguzosi ike ndọda site n'ịdị arọ;
A na-eji ihe na-eguzogide okpomọkụ dị ala: polyimide (-200 degrees ~{1}} degrees ) iji hụ na arụ ọrụ nke ọma na gburugburu oghere dị oke.
5. Isi ihe nke imewe na imepụta ihe: njikwa usoro zuru oke site na ihe na nkenke
1. Ụkpụrụ atọ nke nhọrọ ihe onwunwe
Ibu dakọtara: ABS plastik (ọnụahịa dị ala) maka ibu ọkụ, aluminum alloy (YL112) maka ibu ibu, na nkedo ígwè (HT200) maka ibu arọ;
Mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi: 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara maka gburugburu iru mmiri, brass (H62) maka gburugburu okpomọkụ dị elu. Ụkwụ aka nke ngwa kemịkalụ dara n'ihi corrosion n'ime ọkara afọ n'ihi na ọ naghị eji igwe anaghị agba nchara.
2. Mgbochi -atụmatụ slip maka ọgwụgwọ elu
Usoro Knurling: mesh knurling (GB / T 6403.3) na omimi nke 0.5-1mm, kwesịrị ekwesị maka ebe akọrọ;
Ihe mkpuchi roba: rọba nitrile nwere ike siri ike nke Shore nke 70-80A, ọnụọgụ esemokwu nke ọrụ aka mmiri na-abawanye ruo 0.7, dị ka atụmatụ dị mkpa nke akụrụngwa mmiri mmiri handwheel.
3. Ụkpụrụ ziri ezi na njikwa ndidi
Nkwenye oghere oghere: H7/g6 dabara (nchacha dabara adaba) iji hụ na ngbanwe mgbanwe nke wheel wheel. Ụkwụ aka nke ngwa igwe mere ka nri mkpọmka nri n'ihi oghere okporo osisi siri ike;
Radial runout: nkenke ụkwụ aka nke na-erughị ma ọ bụ ha nhata 0.02mm, wheel wheel nkịtị Ihe na-erughị ma ọ bụ ha nhata 0.1mm, ule nguzozi ike (ISO 1940) iji hụ na ntụgharị dị mma.
4. Nyochaa nkọwa na nkwenye ndụ
Nnwale ike ọgwụgwụ: mbelata ike na-erughị ma ọ bụ haha na 10% mgbe ntụgharị 500,000 gachara. Otu ụdị nke wheel wheel gafere ule nde 1, ndụ ya dịkwa okpukpu abụọ karịa ọkọlọtọ ụlọ ọrụ;
Nnwale ibu kacha elu: Tinye ugboro 1.5 nke ike akwadoro maka nkeji 10 na-enweghị nrụrụ iji hụ na nrụpụta nchekwa.
6.Industry Trends: Nkwalite teknụzụ nwere ọgụgụ isi na nke mmadụ
1. Wheelwheel nwere ọgụgụ isi: nzaghachi ọnọdụ ọnọdụ ngbanwe agbakwunyere
Ihe ngbanwe zuru oke: mgbama dijitalụ mmepụta mgbe wheel wheel na-atụgharị, yana izi ezi nke ogo 0.01. Mgbe ejiri mkpịsị aka nke ụfọdụ ngwa igwe CNC jikọtara ya na ihe ngbanwe, a na-enweta ndekọ dijitalụ nke ndepụta akwụkwọ ntuziaka;
Torque sensọ: ezigbo -nleba anya nke ike na-arụ ọrụ, mkpu na-akpaghị aka mgbe a na-ebufe ya, dị ka wheel wheel na-arụzi ike ikuku, iji gbochie mmebi akụrụngwa kpatara site na arụrụ ọrụ.
2. Ụkwụ aka na-emegharị emegharị: ezigbo oge mgbanwe torque {{1}
Magnetorheological damping: gbanwee ike damping site na ugbu a, mgbanwe mgbanwe dị iche iche nke ụfọdụ ihe nrịbama aka nkenke bụ 0-5N・m, nke nwere ike izute ihe dị iche iche chọrọ;
Mechanical damping: A nakweere efere esemokwu + usoro mmiri, ntụgharị dị mfe n'akụkụ elekere, mmụba n'akụkụ elekere, iji gbochie ịkpọghachi azụ azụ.
3. Nhazi dị arọ: Ngwa nke carbon fiber composite materials
Carbon fiber handwheel: Njupụta 1.8g/cm³, naanị 1/4 nke ígwè nkedo, ike ruru 300MPa, ụfọdụ wheel aka ụgbọ elu belatara ịdị arọ site na 60%, yana nkwalite ọrụ mgbanwe;
Igwe okwu oghere: Ọdịdị oghere 3D ebipụtara, mbelata ịdị arọ nke 30% ka ị na-ejigide ike, dabara adaba maka ngwaọrụ mkpanaka.
4. Mmadu -Mmekọrịta kọmputa: aka okirikiri dabara n'ọbụ aka.
Nhazi bionic: Arc aka ahụ dabara n'ọdịdị nke nkwụ. Otu ụkwụ ụkwụ ahụike ụfọdụ gafere ule ergonomic, ma gbatịkwara oge ike ọgwụgwụ ọrụ site na nkeji 30 ruo awa 2;
Nkwalite ụkpụrụ mwepu na-emegide{{0}: A na-eji ụkpụrụ akpụkpọ anụ shark bionic, ọnụọgụ esemokwu na-abawanye site na 20%, na ọ naghị eyi uwe aka, nke dabara ọkọlọtọ ergonomics ụlọ ọrụ (ISO 6385).
Nchịkọta
Ụkpụrụ usoro nke wheel wheel bụ n'ezie "ngbanwe kachasị nke ntinye mmadụ na mmepụta igwe". Site na esemokwu esemokwu nke rim wheel ruo na nnyefe nke ịghasa, site na mbelata ọsọ ngwa ngwa na mmụba torque ruo n'ụdị aka ergonomic, nkọwa ọ bụla na-egosipụta amamihe nke imepụta igwe. Site na mmepe nke teknụzụ nwere ọgụgụ isi na nke dị fechaa, a na-ebuli ụkwụ aka site na ngwa ndị dị mfe arụ ọrụ gaa na ọnụ ọgụgụ ọgụgụ isi nwere nzaghachi agbakwunyere na ọrụ mmezi. Maka akụrụngwa mmepụta ihe, ịghọta ụkpụrụ usoro nke igwe aka nwere ike ọ bụghị naanị melite arụmọrụ arụmọrụ, kamakwa zere nsogbu ndị dị ka "ọdịda nnyefe ike" site na isi mmalite nke imewe. N'ife nke automation na digitalization, handwheels, dị ka "akara ikpeazụ nke nchekwa maka mmadụ{4}} mmekọrịta kọmputa", ga-aga n'ihu na-akwalite izi ezi na ịdị mma nke nrụ ọrụ site na ụkpụrụ-ọkwa ọhụrụ.
